The phytoplankton module (BLOOM) in the Delft3D modeling suite simulates primary production, respiration and mortality of phytoplankton. This module allows for the modeling of species competition and adaptation of phytoplankton to limiting nutrients or light (Los, 2005; Los and Bokhorst, 1997; Los and Brinkman, 1988; Los et al., 1994; Van der Molen et al., 1994). Algal species (groups) that are defined in BLOOM include:
Greens (green algae, freshwater)
Cyanobacteria genera: Aphanizomenon (harmful, freshwater), Microcystis (harmful, freshwater), Oscillatoria (filamentous, fresh water)
Diatoms (both freshwater and marine)
Flagellates (a mixture of small marine algae with flagella)
Dinoflagellates (marine); Phaeocystis (harmful, marine);
Ulva (macroalgae, both freshwater and marine)
Note that alteration or inclusion of types, such as nitrogen fixers or mixotrophs is possible.
Within each group three phenotypes are defined to account for algal adaptation to changing environmental conditions: energy limited (E) types,nitrogen limited (N) types and phosphorus limited (P) types, which have different ecological characteristics and requirements. Mixotrophic types (M) and nitrogen fixating types can also be included. Type-adaptations mainly comprise changes in the stoichiometry and an increase in photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll-a) when light is limiting. The phenotypes reflect the state of the species and can change rapidly (with each cell division) if conditions change. Species composition on the other hand can only change due to growth and mortality. Note that diatoms require silica and can therefore be silicate-limited.
The BLOOM module evaluates how the available light and nutrients can be used to maximize algal growth in all species (groups) and underlying types simultaneously. This approach provides various advantages for modeling algae in large numerical ecosystem models. As for the influence of light, the module takes into account the differences in light that the algae experience during the day and depending on their local vertical mixing. Furthermore, the specific characteristics of the species are defined via daylength dependencies and light efficiency curves. These curves can include or exclude the effects of photo-inhibition.
A webinar on the concepts of BLOOM can be found at: https://www.deltares.nl/en/webinars/delft3d-phytoplankton-modelling-concepts-of-bloom-2/
Questions and support on BLOOM can be requested via the Delwaq open source forum: http://oss.deltares.nl/web/delft3d/delwaq
Further reading can be found in:
Los, F.J., Mathematical Simulation of algae blooms by the model BLOOM II, Version 2, T68, WL | Delft Hydraulics Report, 1991.
Van der Molen, D.T., F.J. Los, L. van Ballegooijen, M.P. van der Vat, 1994. Mathematical modelling as a tool for management in eutrophication control of shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, Vol. 275/276: 479-492.
Ibelings, Bas W., Marijke Vonk, Hans F.J. Los and Diederik T. v.d. Molen and Wolf M. Mooij, 2003. Fuzzy modelling of Cyanobacterial waterblooms, validation with NOAA-AVHRR satellite images, Ecological Applications, 13(5): 1456-1472
Los, F. J., M. T. Villars, & M. W. M. Van der Tol, 2008. A 3- dimensional primary production model (BLOOM/GEM) and its applications to the (southern) North Sea (coupled physical–chemical–ecological model). Journal of Marine Systems, 74: 259-294.
Blauw, Anouk N. , Hans F. J. Los, Marinus Bokhorst, and Paul L. A. Erftemeijer., 2009. GEM: a generic ecological model for estuaries and coastal waters. Hydrobiologia, 618:175–198
Los, F. J., M. Blaas, 2010. Complexity, accuracy and practical applicability of different biogeochemical model versions. Journal of Marine Systems 81: 44-74.
Los, Hans, 2009. Eco-hydrodynamic modelling of primary production in coastal waters and lakes using BLOOM, PhD Thesis Wageningen University, ISBN 978-90-8585-329-9.
Los, F.J., T. A. Troost, J.A. v. Beek, 2014. Finding the optimal reduction to meet all targets - Applying Linear Programming with a nutrient tracer model of the North Sea Journal of Marine Systems 131: 91-101
Troost, T.A., A. de Kluijver, F. J. Los, 2014. Evaluation of eutrophication thresholds in the North Sea in a historical context - a model analysis. Journal of Marine Systems 134: 45-56
Salacinska, K., El Serafy, G. Y., Los, F. J., & Blauw, a. (2010). Sensitivity analysis of the two dimensional application of the Generic Ecological Model (GEM) to algal bloom prediction in the North Sea. Ecological Modelling, 221(2), 178–190. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.001
Klik hier om te zoeken waar BLOOM II genoemd wordt op de AEMON.NL site.
Deze pagina wordt beheerd door Tineke Troost.